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Emotional

Emotion regulation, affective learning, and self-evaluative states. This page currently lists 6 models.

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Attribution theory explains how people interpret the causes of events, and how those explanations shape emotion, motivation, and future behavior.

Origin: Fritz Heider, 1958; Bernard Weiner, 1970s

attribution emotion explanation success failure

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Dopamine reward prediction describes how the brain updates motivation and learning based on the gap between expected reward and actual reward.

Origin: Wolfram Schultz, 1997

dopamine reward prediction learning motivation

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Emotional contagion is the spread of affect from one person or group to another through automatic mimicry, synchronization, and shared interpretation.

Origin: Elaine Hatfield, John Cacioppo, & Richard Rapson, 1993

emotion contagion empathy groups affect

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Hedonic adaptation is the tendency for emotional reactions to gains and losses to fade over time as people return toward a relatively stable baseline of well-being.

Origin: Brickman & Campbell, 1971

adaptation happiness emotion baseline change

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A persistent internal experience of feeling like a fraud — believing one's success is due to luck or deception rather than genuine ability, despite objective evidence of competence.

Origin: Pauline Clance & Suzanne Imes, 1978

self-doubt competence achievement anxiety identity

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Negativity bias is the tendency for negative events, cues, and emotions to command more attention, carry more weight, and persist longer than positive ones.

Origin: Paul Rozin & Edward Royzman, 2001

emotion bias threat attention memory